স্বাধীন ভারত: আগে এবং পরে (চন্দ্র, বিপনের বাক্স

The book *Independent India: Before and After* by Bipan Chandra, Sucheta Mahajan, K.N. Panikkar, Mridula Mukherjee, and Aditya Mukherjee is a comprehensive study of India's political, social, and economic journey before and after its independence in 1947. It examines key historical events, ideological shifts, and movements that shaped modern India.

Key Themes and Topics:
- **Pre-Independence Era**: The book covers India's colonial history, highlighting the freedom struggle, key figures like Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and the Indian National Congress, as well as the role of mass movements in securing independence.
  
- **Post-Independence Transition**: It analyzes India's transition from a colonized nation to a sovereign republic, focusing on the challenges faced by the newly independent nation, including partition, refugee crises, and the integration of princely states.

- **Economic and Social Policies**: The book explores the development of India's economic policies post-independence, including industrialization, land reforms, and the Green Revolution. It also discusses the evolution of Indian democracy, the establishment of democratic institutions, and social policies aimed at nation-building.

- **Foreign Policy**: It delves into India’s foreign policy after independence, with emphasis on non-alignment, regional diplomacy, and relations with global powers.

Overall, *Independent India: Before and After* provides a scholarly analysis of India's complex history, offering valuable insights into the country’s transformation from the colonial period to its emergence as a modern democracy. It is aimed at readers interested in Indian history, political science, and social change.